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Western artillery invading Ukraine will change the war with Russia

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Western artillery invading Ukraine will change the war with Russia, launching a bloody battle of minds backed by long-range weapons and forcing both sides to become more agile if they hope to avoid significant casualties as battles are rising east, US officials and forecast military analysts.

The expanded artillery battle follows Russia’s failed efforts to quickly seize Ukraine’s main settlements, including the capital Kyiv. This comes as the government of President Vladimir Zelensky and his Western benefactors prepare for what is expected to be a grinding campaign in the Donbass region. The conflict there is expected to show long-range cannons that are central to Russia’s arsenal, weapons that have already been used to wreak havoc in places like Mariupol, a southern port city shattered by ruthless bombing.

Speaking to his Canadian counterpart at the Pentagon on Thursday, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said long-range artillery would be “decisive” in the next phase of the war. The Biden administration, which, along with Canada, is training a small number of Ukrainian troops on how to operate the dozens of 155-millimeter howitzers the two countries have pledged to provide, is expected to approve the transfer of more artillery to Ukraine in the coming days, Austin said.

Pentagon chief Lloyd Austin is pushing hard on Ukraine, but quietly

American and Canadian howitzers traveling to Ukraine are towed by trailers, while those promised by France – systems known as Caesar’s self-propelled howitzers – fire the same 155mm explosive shells, but from the back of a truck chassis.

The United States alone has already promised Zelensky nearly 190,000 artillery shots plus 90 howitzers to fire them. As of Thursday, more than half had arrived in Ukraine, said a senior U.S. defense official who, like some others, spoke on condition of anonymity under basic rules set by the administration.

A new $ 33 billion request to Congress for additional aid to Ukraine includes proposed funding for “heavier-range artillery of heavier caliber,” Secretary of State Anthony Blinken told Capitol Hill lawmakers, though she did not specify which specific systems. consider. Other allies, such as Britain and Sweden, could also send artillery, analysts said.

Ukraine uses Soviet-era weapons against Russia

To date, Russia and Ukraine have exchanged fire using some of the same systems, including the powerful 300-millimeter Tornado-launched missile system, which can fire at about 55 miles, and the old 122-millimeter howitzers, first introduced. in the 1960s. The introduction of various Western artillery weapons is expected to accelerate tactical change on both sides to use what is known as counter-battery fire, in which military forces search for their enemy’s artillery, locate it and attack, analysts said.

“You’re trying to find, fix and finish,” said George Flynn, a retired three-star Marine general and former artillery officer. “You want to find the enemy howitzers. You want to fix their position. And then you want to finish them. That is the essence of targeting. “

Once an artillery unit attacks an enemy, it must continue to move, Flynn said. “Once you get into a battle with double batteries, it’s shooting and going,” he added. You don’t stay around and you get targeted.

Russian and Ukrainian

artillery ranges

Examples of some of the artillery and hers

approximate maximum range

13.6 miles

D-30 towed

howitzer

18 miles

2S19 self-propelled

howitzer

43.5 miles

The tornado is multiple

rocket launcher

2.2 miles

TOS-1 set

rocket launcher

Examples of NATO artillery are

sending Ukraine and its approximates

maximum range

18.6 miles

M198 towed

howitzer

28.6 miles

Caesar is self-propelled

howitzer

24.9 miles

M777 towed

howitzer

The difference between drawn

and self-propelled howitzer

Russian D-30 and American M777

and M198 must be towed by truck.

The French Ceasar is a truck

with a howitzer on it.

Ukraine wants more self-propelled howitzers, such as the US M109 Paladin, which are less vulnerable to Russian counterbattery.

Sources: Federation of American Scientists;

oe.tradoc.army.mil; GlobalSecurity.org

and Reporting the publication

ARTHUR GALOCHA / WASHINGTON POST

Russian and Ukrainian artillery ranges

Examples of some of the artillery and its approximations

maximum range

13.6 miles

D-30 towed

howitzer

18 miles

2S19 self-propelled

howitzer

43.5 miles

The tornado is multiple

rocket launcher

2.2 miles

TOS-1 set

rocket launcher

Examples of artillery sent by NATO countries to Ukraine

and its approximate maximum range

18.6 miles

M198 towed

howitzer

28.6 miles

Caesar is self-propelled

howitzer

24.9 miles

M777 towed

howitzer

The difference between drawn

and self-propelled howitzer

Russian D-30 and American M777

and M198 must be towed by truck.

The French Ceasar is a truck

with a howitzer on it.

Ukraine wants more self-propelled howitzers, such as the US M109 Paladin, which are less vulnerable to Russian counterbattery.

Sources: Federation of American Scientists;

oe.tradoc.army.mil; GlobalSecurity.org and reporting on publications

ARTHUR GALOCHA / WASHINGTON POST

Russian and Ukrainian artillery ranges

Examples of some of the artillery

and its approximate maximum range

2.2 miles

TOS-1 set

rocket launcher

13.6 miles

D-30 towed

howitzer

18 miles

2S19 self-propelled

howitzer

43.5 miles

The tornado is multiple

rocket launcher

Examples of artillery sent by NATO countries to Ukraine

and its approximate maximum range

18.6 miles

M198 towed

howitzer

24.9 miles

M777 towed

howitzer

28.6 miles

Caesar is self-propelled

howitzer

The difference between drawn

and self-propelled howitzer

Russian D-30 and American M777 and M198

must be towed by truck.

The M777 can raise the cannon from 0 ° to 71.7 °

The French Ceasar is a truck

with a howitzer on it.

Ukraine wants more self-propelled

howitzers, such as the American M109 Paladin,

less vulnerable than the Russian counter-battery.

It can also raise the cannon from -4 ° to 72 °

Sources: Federation of American Scientists;

oe.tradoc.army.mil; GlobalSecurity.org and reporting on publications

ARTHUR GALOCHA / WASHINGTON POST

Ukraine’s ability to target Russian artillery is particularly important, analysts say, because of the Kremlin’s demonstrated readiness to circle after shelling cities, destroying civilian homes and infrastructure. “The mere existence” of more Ukrainian anti-battery artillery units will impair Russia’s ability to “sit there, stockpile ammunition and go to the city,” said Scott Boston, a former U.S. Army field artillery officer studying the Russian military. for Rand Corp.

The “problem” that Ukraine and its Western allies would like to “impose on the Russians,” he said, “is that they are never confident that a headquarters, or a key ammunition depot, or an important group of fire platforms could ever be motionless for a very long time. “

The Pentagon said on Friday that Russia was not as effective as it would have liked in using long-range artillery. A senior defense official noted that with the West continuing to send so much artillery to Ukraine, “this could turn into a gun battle.”

Artillery units are often disguised in camouflage or other forms of cover and may require a combination of reconnaissance, drones and radar to spot them. The West is providing Ukraine with drones and anti-battery radar to do just that.

What a difference it can make

artillery mark?

The greater the range of artillery, the more opponents must consider how to position themselves on the battlefield

With 30-mile artillery, these will be targets from the border and controlled areas for the Russian and Ukrainian armies.

separatist

controlled

■ area

Crimea

Attached

from Russia

in 2014

Control zones as of April 27

Sources: Institute for War Research, AEI Critical Threats

Project, post reporting

What difference could artillery make?

The greater the range of artillery, the more opponents must consider how to position themselves on the battlefield

With 30-mile artillery, these will be targets from the border and controlled areas for the Russian and Ukrainian armies.

separatist

controlled

■ area

Crimea

Attached

from Russia

in 2014

Control zones as of April 27

Sources: Institute for War Research, AEI Critical Threats

Project, post reporting

What difference could artillery make?

The greater the range of artillery, the more opponents must consider how to position themselves on the battlefield.

With 30-mile artillery, these will be targets from the border and controlled areas for the Russian and Ukrainian armies.

separatist

controlled

■ area

Crimea

Attached

from Russia

in 2014

Control zones from …